|
Daniel Ellsberg (born April 7, 1931) is an activist and former United States military analyst who, while employed by the RAND Corporation, precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret Pentagon study of U.S. government decision-making in relation to the Vietnam War, to ''The New York Times'' and other newspapers. Ellsberg was charged under the Espionage Act of 1917 along with other charges of theft and conspiracy, carrying a total maximum sentence of 115 years. Due to governmental misconduct and illegal evidence gathering, and the defense by Leonard Boudin and Harvard Law School professor Charles Nesson, Judge Byrne dismissed all charges against Ellsberg on May 11, 1973. Ellsberg was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 2006. He is also known for popularizing part of decision theory, the Ellsberg paradox. ==Early life and career== Ellsberg was born in Chicago on April 7, 1931,〔()〕 the son of Harry and Adele (Charsky) Ellsberg.〔()〕 His parents were Ashkenazi Jews who had converted to Christian Science, and he was raised as a Christian Scientist. He grew up in Detroit, where he attended Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills. His mother wanted him to be a concert pianist, but he stopped playing in July 1946, after both his mother and sister were killed when his father fell asleep at the wheel and crashed the family car into a culvert wall. Ellsberg entered Harvard University on a scholarship, graduating summa cum laude with an A.B. in economics in 1952. He studied at the University of Cambridge for a year on a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, then returned to Harvard for graduate school. In 1954, he enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and earned a commission.〔 He served as a platoon leader and company commander in the 2nd Infantry Division, and was discharged in 1957 as a first lieutenant.〔 Ellsberg returned to Harvard as a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows for two years, then began working as a strategic analyst at the RAND Corporation, where he concentrated on nuclear strategy〔 and the command and control of nuclear weapons. Ellsberg completed a PhD in Economics from Harvard in 1962.〔Daniel Ellsberg Biography @ Encyclopedia of World Biography, via (BookRags.com )〕 His dissertation on decision theory was based on a set of experiments that showed that decisions under conditions of uncertainty or ambiguity generally may not be consistent with well defined subjective probabilities. Now known as the Ellsberg paradox, this formed the basis of a large literature that has developed since the 1980s, including approaches such as Choquet expected utility and info-gap decision theory. Ellsberg worked in the Pentagon from August 1964〔BBC Four ''Storyville – 2009–2010 – 14. The Most Dangerous Man in America''〕 under Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara as special assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs John McNaughton. He then went to South Vietnam for two years, working for General Edward Lansdale as a member of the State Department. On his return from South Vietnam, Ellsberg resumed working at RAND. In 1967, he contributed to a top-secret study of classified documents on the conduct of the Vietnam War that had been commissioned by Defense Secretary McNamara. These documents, completed in 1968, later became known collectively as the Pentagon Papers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers (2010) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daniel Ellsberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|